Considering Bio/Pharma Reformulation Strategies

[...]of the significant cost of development, companies seek to recoup finances through data exclusivity and patent protection of intellectual property, such as the drug product's formulation. Bio/pharma companies reformulate existing therapies for a whole host of reasons, such as treating underserved or neglected disease areas, improving patient adherence (particularly for target patient groups, such as paediatrics), reducing the potential of drug abuse, and providing alternative options in crisis situations-as has been apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pentamidine is an anti-infective agent that can be used to treat an earlier stage of the disease;however, it is unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier sufficiently to treat the secondary stage of HAT. [...]it was hypothesized that a combined pentamidine-Pluronic formulation may be a suitable approach to provide patients with a single therapeutic option for treatment of all stages of HAT. [...]it was concluded that the pharmacokinetic data attained supports the use of safety and tolerability data from the conventional risperidone formulation for further testing of VAL401 (4).

The relationship of parents' emotional intelligence with child abuse events in children aged 6-12 years during the pandemic of Covid-19

Background: The incidence of child abuse begins with parents who cannot control their emotions in educating their children. The ability of parents to manage their emotions effectively is the main thing that parents need to have. The way that can be done to increase the emotional intelligence of parents is by socializing more and respecting others. Based on the results of the field survey, 60% of mothers who commit violence. Methods: This research method is correlation with cross sectional design. The total population in the study is the same as the total sample of 70 respondents who were found using the total sampling technique. Data collection is done directly using a questionnaire. The results of this study found the average emotional intelligence was 133.29 with a standard deviation of 5.949 and an estimated interval of 131.94-134.63, while the average incidence of child abuse was 29.84 with a standard deviation of 9.743 and an estimated interval of 27.46-31.99. Based on the results of the Pearson Product Moment test, the p-value = 0.022 (α < 0.05), meaning that there is a relationship between parental emotional intelligence and the incidence of child abuse. Based on the results of the close relationship, the value of r = -0.274, means that the lower the emotional intelligence of parents, the higher the incidence of child abuse. Conclusion: It is expected that parents can control their emotions by deep breathing relaxation, make visits for parents who have just had children to do self-assessment, and provide good parenting education in educating children. © 2022, ResearchTrentz Academy Publishing Education Services. All rights reserved.

The many shades of violence against women: a call to action

Confronting gender-based violence is a key area of concern and one that calls for urgent action. These debates have become particularly relevant in light of the Covid-19 pandemic and the unveiling of underlying inequalities. Amongst the many unintended consequences of the pandemic lies the increased risk of domestic violence for vulnerable women who have been required to self-isolate. There is increasing evidence that we are facing more than one pandemic with quite worrying and widespread problems in global systems, whether they relate to public health or to human rights. As academics, we can contribute by theorizing with intersectionalities, translating research into practice, engaging with our local communities and creating non-stigmatized environment. But most of all, we can advocate for victims.

Roots and resiliency for native American young people

Aim: The presentation shares traditional Native American knowledge about wellbeing and caring for a person's body, heart, connection to the Creator, ancestors, and the land Methods: Drawing upon community narratives and traditional ancestral knowledge themes pertinent to the topic will be presented. Narrative Review Results: Ancestral knowledge is essential to access and practice in? community care and healing. This knowledge is sacred to the lives wellbeing, and continuation of traditional ways for Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs (CTWS) people. CTWS young people play an important role in these practices for their community and elders. The practice of taking CTWS children from families was a pivotal moment that pushed forward the concept of mental health for the CTWS. The threat of climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic's activation of memories of imposed isolation between our people and from traditional ways continues to impact our young people. The process of healing from historical and present-day traumas includes grieving those losses and healing from addictions, as well as physical and sexual abuse Conclusion(s): Rebuilding and strengthening connections to the land Chuush (water in Sahaptin language), food gathering, and being with each other, is central to our young people's, and community's, healing The path of returning to our traditional understanding of the knowledge of what the Creator has provided for the CTWS people will be shared. This knowledge is useful for the care of young people Native and non-Native alike.

Reviewing in a pandemic? A commentary on COVID-19 and domestic homicide review

PurposeThis paper is a commentary on COVID-19's impact on Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs), the system in England and Wales that enables learning from domestic abuse-related deaths.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a practitioner–researcher perspective, this paper reflects on how COVID-19 affected the delivery and experience of DHRs, the place of victims at the heart of this process and what the pandemic's impact might mean moving forward.FindingsThis paper explicates some of the challenges of undertaking DHRs in a pandemic. Critically, however, it argues that these challenges illuminate broader questions about the practice of DHR.Originality/valueThis paper's originality comes from the author's practitioner–researcher perspective and its use of COVID-19 as a lens to consider DHRs.

Domestic Trauma: Textile Responses to Confinement, Coercion and Control

One result of the public health quarantine measures resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic has been an increase in the incidence of domestic abuse against women. This practice-based interdisciplinary research paper considers the domestic trauma resulting from confinement, coercion and control within the home and textile responses to it. It aims to highlight these domestic concerns, challenge attitudes about coercive control and provoke discussion. Contemporary research into domestic abuse is combined with examples of domestic coercion and control described in literature and textile. Many women, both in life and literature, have used textiles as an alternative form of discourse to describe coercion and control in the home. As first-wave feminist Olive Schreiner shrewdly noted about women traumatized by domesticity "What has she but her needle?". Textiles such as Elizabeth Parker's sampler recording her domestic abuse are discussed, as well as contemporary responses by survivors and artists. As well as recording coercive control, textiles can also be used as an alternative form of discourse in the healing process. The paper ends on an encouraging note discussing textile initiatives that assist victims of domestic trauma. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Textile: The Journal of Cloth & Culture is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The impact of COVID-19 on women and children in the UK who were victims of domestic abuse: a practitioner perspective

PurposeThis study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on women and children in the UK who were victims of domestic abuse.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw from their experiences of working in the domestic abuse sector to reflect on the impact of lockdown restrictions on women and children, focussing on the impact of government restrictions that created an environment in which abusers could control the movement of victims.FindingsThe impact of the pandemic was significant as victims were locked into the abuse, unable to escape for fear of breaching lockdown rules. The lockdown affected victims of different forms of violence against women and girls in the UK including forced marriage and female genital mutilation, which highlighted the ramifications of intersectional inequalities for abuse victims.Originality/valueThis paper articulates the devastating impact of the pandemic on vulnerable women, and their fair and just access to the family courts. This paper concludes that women were failed by the government and that there was not nearly enough support from support agencies, which has left many at risk and suffering significant harm.

Changes in sexual thoughts and behaviors in a clinical sample of child sexual abuse material users under the COVID-19 pandemic

LAY SUMMARYUsers of child sexual abuse material were interviewed about changes in their daily lives as well as sexual thoughts and behaviors during the COVID-19 restrictions. The changes found, such as in general mental health and sexual urges, can increase the risk for sexual offending and are therefore important to consider regarding possible future lockdowns. In this article, we describe a qualitative study in which we examined perceived effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on help-seeking individuals who access child sexual abuse material (CSAM, legally referred to as child pornography). The study recruited 18 participants who were part of the internet based Prevent It Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) clinical trial, which aims to reduce CSAM use and child exploitation, and were willing to answer questions during a semi-structured interview about the perceived impact of the pandemic restrictions on their lives, including their sexual thoughts and behaviors. Key themes that were identified from the participants' answers included changes in day-to-day life, mental health, sexual thoughts, behaviors or urges, responses and coping strategies used to deal with sexual urges, changes on the forums, positive changes, and how they could best be assisted with coping in this situation. Our qualitative analysis also suggested that the pandemic affected urges to use CSAM, therefore potentially increasing the risk of online sexual offending. These results support that there is a need to investigate this potential negative side effect of quarantines or lockdowns before future pandemics.

The "epidemic within the pandemic”: meeting the needs of racially minoritised women experiencing domestic abuse during the Covid-19 pandemic

PurposeIn March 2020, the UK entered its first lockdown responding to the Covid-19 pandemic. In the same month, the Domestic Abuse Bill had its first reading in Parliament. Charities and non-governmental organisations critiqued the Bill for failing to protect migrants from domestic abuse, and not complying with the Istanbul Convention. Drawing on interviews with staff from Southall Black Sisters, this paper aims to foreground the experiences of practitioners within the women's sector to explore the unique experiences and challenges migrant and racially minoritised women encountered when seeking support from domestic abuse during the Covid-19 pandemic. It highlights how the pandemic-related lockdowns created barriers to accessing support services and housing, creating an epidemic within the pandemic, and how minoritised women and the organisations that supported them had to overcome structural barriers and racism.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff from a leading women's organisation that supports migrant and racially minoritised women. Four participants were asked questions within four themes: domestic abuse before and during the pandemic;accessing support from and reporting domestic abuse;accessibility of resources;and post-pandemic challenges. A phenomenological approach was used to analyse the transcribed interviews.FindingsParticipants consistently highlighted the unique threats and barriers migrant and racially minoritised women faced when seeking support. Barriers included racism, language barriers, cultural constraints, the triple threat of destitution, detention, deportation, and political resistance to protect migrant women from destitution/homelessness.Originality/valueThis paper provides a unique insight into the experiences of staff members within a specialist by and for women's support organisation in England and their perspectives on the barriers racially minoritised and migrant women experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. It offers rare insights into how service users' needs changed during the lockdowns and how the pandemic affected their ability to operate.

Research Trend Analysis About Child Abuse During Covid-19 Period

Through examination of trends in child abuse research published in academic journals from 2019 to 2021, the purpose of this study is to identify future research plans and options to address the problem of child abuse. In order to do this, we examined 288 publications on child abuse that were published in KCI-listed journals between 2019 and 2021, categorizing them into four groups: academic disciplines, research topics, research types, and research subjects. The Academy for Social Sciences, therefore, published more than 87.8% of the analysis papers in each academic field. The sequence in which the articles on each research topic were published was the influence of abuse, actual conditions and perceptions, institutions, laws, and policies. Among the empirical scientific studies, survey research accounted for most of the characteristics of each type of study, and research trends by research subjects were found to be the most common for general children. In summary, most of the topics related to child abuse during the COVID-19 period were found to be survey studies using questionnaires structured in the form of surveys on the impact of abuse on general children. Therefore, future research on child abuse should be approached at the social dimension, such as family and child protection agency workers, to intervene in the prevention of child abuse or come up with therapeutic alternatives © 2023, Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities. All Rights Reserved.

Loss of rural Appalachian recovery meetings from before to after COVID-19

Sharp rises in overdose deaths nationally coincided with the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rural Appalachia, known for high rates of substance use and barriers to health care in general, was suspected to be disproportionately impacted in terms of recovery supports such as 12-step recovery meetings. This study investigated the availability of recovery meetings in South Central Appalachia before and after COVID-19 lockdowns. The number of confirmed recovery meetings was compared before and after COVID-19 lockdowns by geographic location (i.e., rural/nonrural and medium metro/small metro/micropolitan/noncore). Recovery meeting data were systematically collected through interviews with community contacts, reviewing social media and websites, making phone calls, and sending emails and surveys and updated longitudinally. There was no significant change in the number of meetings from pre- (n = 189) to post-COVID-19 (n = 178). There was no significant shift in meeting location when dichotomizing by rural/nonrural classification, chi2(1) = 2.76, p = .097, pi = -0.087. Chi-square test of independence did reveal a significant change in number of recovery meetings by location when using four location classifications, chi2(3) = 7.97, p = .047, Cramer's V = 0.147. There was a noteworthy rise in the meetings in small metro (36.5%-51.1%), with all other locations declining. The establishment and reestablishment of recovery meetings in rural communities should be prioritized to address the longstanding scarcity of recovery resources in rural locations, recent decline in such support, and the rise in overdose deaths. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement This study highlights a significant barrier to recovery from problematic substance use in rural areas. Strategically establishing recovery meetings in areas with few or no meetings and facilitating access through addressing transportation is critical. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Clinicians' perceptions of telehealth services during the Covid-19 pandemic in virginia

The onset of COVID-19 introduced unprecedented changes to how U.S. public health services were delivered. Many public and private agencies faced mandatory closures, social distancing mandates, and rapid transitions to telehealth interventions and treatment. Mental health clinicians witnessed disruptions in continuity of care and an increase in mental health risks overall. Although some studies have been conducted to survey clinicians' perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of technology-based interventions, knowledge about mental health clinicians' experiences and perceptions in Virginia was sparse. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore how mental health clinicians in Virginia described their experiences and perceptions of using telehealth in providing services to clients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The social-ecological systems and technology acceptance models were used to explore the experiences and perceptions of clinicians. Data analysis led to the identification of themes: (a) pre-COVID-19 treatment and services (b) adjustments to rapid implementation of telehealth, (c) convenience and flexibility to providing services following acclimation, (d) technological barriers to providing telehealth services, (e) challenges with limited understanding and exposure to technology, (f) protocols and managing expectations, (g) acceptance and aversion to telehealth service, and (h) lessons learned for future practice. The findings of this study have potential implications for positive social change by providing insight into the ease of use of telehealth models, encouraging ongoing training for clinical professionals, and informing future research and practice in the mental health field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Pandemic-related stress experiences, resources and depressive moods of students at the end of the online winter semester 2020/21

Background: Students worldwide belong to a vulnerable group with an above-average tendency towards depressive disorders. Empirical studies also show that depressive moods among students have increased significantly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objectives: The aim of the article is to examine whether the stress experiences caused by the pandemic are related to the depressed mood of the students. In addition, it is analyzed whether resilience, coping and social support as resources are associated with the depressive moods of students. The aim is to clarify which resources can explain the connection between the stress experiences caused by the pandemic and the depressive mood of students as mediators. Methods: The study is based on an online survey of students at Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences for the 2020/21 winter semester. The data of 621 students were evaluated. A mediation analysis was carried out. Results: Pandemic-related stress experiences are significantly related to the depressive moods of students. Resilience is also a significant factor influencing depressive moods and partially mediates the influence of pandemic-related stressful experiences on the depressed mood of the students. Coping and social support show no significant association with the depressed mood of the students. Conclusion: Starting points for reducing the depressive mood lie in reducing the stress caused by the pandemic and in strengthening the resilience of the students.

Psychosocial factors associated with the risk of developing psychosis in a Mexican general population sample

Epidemiological evidence has linked an array of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with an increased risk of developing psychosis However, research in samples from low- and middle-income countries is still scarce. This study used a Mexican sample to explore (i) sociodemographic and psychosocial differences between individuals who screened positive for Clinical High-Risk for psychosis (CHRpositive group) and those who did not (Non-CHR group), and (ii) sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with screening positive for CHR. The sample consisted of 822 individuals from the general population. Findings showed that participants in the CHRpositive group were younger, had a lower educational level, and reported more mental health problems than the Non-CHR group. The CHR-positive group had a greater prevalence of medium/high risk associated with cannabis use, a higher prevalence of adverse experiences as well as higher levels of childhood maltreatment, poorer family functioning, and more COVID-related distress than the Non-CHR group. Findings of multivariate analysis showed that the variables associated with screening positive for CHR were: having an unhealthy family functioning, a higher risk associated with cannabis use, a lower level of education, having experienced a major natural disaster, violent or unexpected death of a relative or friend, higher levels of childhood maltreatment, and higher COVID-related distress. An older age was a protective factor for screening positive for CHR. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of examining potential psychosocial contributors to psychosis vulnerability across different sociocultural contexts to delineate risk and protective processes relevant to specific populations and better target preventive intervention efforts.

Learning Strategies for Sensitive Content Detection

Currently, the volume of sensitive content on the Internet, such as pornography and child pornography, and the amount of time that people spend online (especially children) have led to an increase in the distribution of such content (e.g., images of children being sexually abused, real-time videos of such abuse, grooming activities, etc.). It is therefore essential to have effective IT tools that automate the detection and blocking of this type of material, as manual filtering of huge volumes of data is practically impossible. The goal of this study is to carry out a comprehensive review of different learning strategies for the detection of sensitive content available in the literature, from the most conventional techniques to the most cutting-edge deep learning algorithms, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each, as well as the datasets used. The performance and scalability of the different strategies proposed in this work depend on the heterogeneity of the dataset, the feature extraction techniques (hashes, visual, audio, etc.) and the learning algorithms. Finally, new lines of research in sensitive-content detection are presented.

Trends of psychiatric emergencies during the COVID-19 health crisis in Italy

Background: Despite concerns on mental health problems related to lockdowns, recent reports revealed a reduction in psychiatric admissions in Emergency Departments (ED) during the lockdown period compared with the previous year in several countries. Most of the existing studies focused on the first lockdown not considering the different phases of the COVID-19 crisis. The present study aimed to analyse differences in ED admissions for psychiatric consultation during three different phases of the COVID-19 in Italy. Method(s): Information on ED admission the Santo Spirito Hospital in Rome for psychiatric consultations were retrospectively collected. The lockdown(March-June 2020) and the post-lockdown period (June 2020-June 2021) were compared to the pre-lockdown period(January 2019-March 2020). Multinomial logistic regression(MLR) was used to assess the risk of accessing ED for psychiatric consultation during the three periods. Result(s): 3871 ED psychiatric consultations were collected. A significant reduction of psychiatric consultations in ED during the lockdown period and the post-lockdown (H 762.45;p < .001) was documented. MLR showed that compared to pre-lockdown during the lockdown and post-lockdown patients were more likely to be men (RRR 1.52;95% CI 1.10-2.12) and more often diagnosed with non-severe mental illnesses (nSMI) (relative risk ratio [RRR] 1.53, 95% CI 1.10-2.15;and 1.72, 95% CI 1.42-2.08);during the lockdown, patients were also more often diagnosed with alcohol/substance abuse(RRR 1.70;95% CI 1.10-2.65). Conclusion(s): Several changes in the clinical characteristics of psychiatric consultations during and after the lockdown emerged;these may inform clinicians and future preventive strategies among community mental health services.

Big data approach on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on pediatric neurosurgery

Objective: COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 limited activities of daily life. Data on the impact on healthcare systems is ambiguous. So far no data has been published for pediatric neurosurgery in Germany. We present the results of a big data approach. Method(s): We obtained anonymous data from the nationwide database of hospital statistics (German Federal Statistical Office, www. desta tis. de) in August 2022. For the age group <18 years in 2016- 2020, the following diagnoses (ICD-10 code) were analysed: Intracranial injury (S06), malignant (C71), benign (D33) and unspecified (D43) neoplasia, abuse (T74), violent attack (Y09) and, for comparison, forearm fracture (S52). The following operations (OPS code) were chosen: Operation of the central nervous system (CNS, 5-01- 05), excision of intracranial lesion (5-015), shunt insertion (5-023), shunt revision (5-024), plastic operations of the spinal cord (5-036) and, for comparison, overall number of operations (OPS-5), spondylodesis (5-836) and functional neurosurgery (5-028) at all ages. Result(s): The number of operations declined from 17.23 million in 2019 to 15.82 million in 2020 (8.2%). CNS operations declined by 5%. Shunt insertion declined by 8.1%, revision by 5.1% and spinal cord operations by 6.6%, whereas excisions of intracranial lesions increased by 1.7%. Spondylodesis and functional operations both decreased by 11.9%. The hospitalisations for intracranial neoplasia declined by 8.8% compared to previous years. The number of inpatients with intracranial injury declined by 16%. Violent attack was also documented less often (-13.2%), but child abuse increased by 3.3%. Forearm fractures declined by 5.6%. Conclusion(s): The COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 lead to reduction of operations. Neuro-oncological operations were not affected. Intracranial injury even declined by 16%, reflecting limited activities and mobility. An increase in documented child abuse by 3.3% compared to the average of previous years was observed. These results help understand the impact of pandemics and political decisions and guide future decision-making.

Trauma Informed Educational Practices: An Educational Innovation for Graduate Nursing Students

[...]the most recognized definition, as espoused by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration fSAMHSA. 2014). is the response of an individual to an event, series of events, or set of circumstances that is perceived as physically or emotionally harmful or threatening. Examples of circumstances that are potentially traumatic include emotional, physical, or sexual abuse;sudden separation from a loved one;childhood neglect;family members with a mental health condition;poverty;and discrimination (Center for Health Care Strategies. 2017). Findings of the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Study indicated that exposure to trauma increases the likelihood of health-risk behaviors as well as a person's lifetime risk for chronic health conditions such as autoimmune disorders, depression, heart disease, liver disease, lung disease, obesity, sexually transmitted diseases, and substance use disorders. (2022) assert that there is a significant need to incorporate traumainformed practices within graduate nursing curriculum to address mental health concerns that graduate nursing students struggle with during their programs of study.

Appointments

The article announces the several appointment, including Francesca Beaudoin as chair of the Department of Epidemiology at Brown School of Public Health, Sherri L. Sprague as Senior Vice President of Kent Hospital and Richard Charest as Director of Department of Behavioral Healthcare.

Influence of a Stay-At-Home Order on Trauma Volume and Injury Patterns at a Level I Trauma Center in Ohio.

BACKGROUND: Changes in injury patterns during the COVID pandemic have been reported in other states. The objective was to explore changes to trauma service volume and admission characteristics at a trauma center in northeast Ohio during a stay-at-home order (SAHO) and compare the 2020 data to historic trauma census data. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of adult trauma patients admitted to a level I trauma center in northeast Ohio. Trauma admissions from January 21 to July 21, 2020 (COVID period) were compared to date-matched cohorts of trauma admissions from 2018 to 2019 (historic period). The COVID period was further categorized as pre-SAHO, active-SAHO, and post-SAHO. RESULTS: The SAHO was associated with a reduction in trauma center admissions that increased after the SAHO (P = .0033). Only outdoor recreational vehicle (ORV) injuries (P = .0221) and self-inflicted hanging (P = .0028) mechanisms were increased during the COVID period and had substantial effect sizes. Glasgow Coma Scores were lower during the COVID period (P = .0286) with a negligible effect size. Violence-related injuries, injury severity, mortality, and admission characteristics including alcohol and drug testing and positivity were similar in the COVID and historic periods. DISCUSSION: The SAHO resulted in a temporary decrease in trauma center admissions. Although ORV and hanging mechanisms were increased, other mechanisms such as alcohol and toxicology proportions, injury severity, length of stay, and mortality were unchanged.